Wic Program Essay - 1025 Words

A Summary of the Woman, Infants, Children Nutritional Services Program Margaret Russell Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Nutritional Services is a federal program that provides health care and proper nutrition to low income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women during a crucial time for both mothers and babies. The mission of WIC is to â€Å"safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutrition risk by providing nutritious foods to supplement diets, information on healthy eating, and referrals to health care.† (Food and Nutrition Service, 2010). Services are provided through various health clinics, hospitals, schools, community centers, and public housing centers. In the United†¦show more content†¦(Shepherd, 2008). According to the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (2010), a main component of the WIC program focuses on maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Eligible mothers in the WIC program undergo an initial nutritional screening to allow for early detection of deficiencies and risks that later contribute to poor growth and health in infants. (New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, 2010). Participants are provided with nutritionists and counselors to develop a plan to eliminate any risks to the health of the mother and child. WIC also promotes a healthy lifestyle to prevent complications and disease during pregnancy and birth. Low maternal weight and poor weight gain in pregnancy have also been shown to add to the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and failure to initi ate breast-feeding . Lack of proper nutrition during pregnancy can cause potential health problems for the child later in life, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. (Shepherd, 2008). According to Anne Ross, babies born to mothers with nutritionally-deficient diets are more likely to suffer from impaired brain development, low birth weight, and higher risk of disease development especially during early childhood. (2003). The WIC program allows for women to be referred to many public services including home care and social workers. WIC collaborates with various nutritional programs such as the Office of Nutrition and Fitness,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Breastfeeding and The WIC Program1182 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children also known as WIC supplies almost fifty percent of the infant formula used in the US at no charge to the families. This has raised a red flag for concern because it is well-known that feeding with infant formula results in poorer health outcomes for infants than breastfeeding. Why should WIC offer any formula at all to its clients when breast milk is free, and it is known to be more beneficial for infantsRead MoreWic Is A Nutrition Program For Women, Infants, And Children1012 Words   |  5 PagesWIC The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children also known as WIC is a nutrition program aimed at assisting low-income pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants, and children up to 5 years old who are at nutritional risk. The program aims to assist the individuals by providing foods with nutritional value in addition to their normal diet, also giving information about healthy eating including breastfeeding, and the program also gives referrals to healthcareRead MoreThe Women Infant and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition Program1274 Words   |  5 PagesThe Women Infant and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition Program is a supplemental food and nutrition program for low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women and children under age five who have a nutriThe Women, Infant and Children Supplemental Nutritional Program’s primary goals are to provide supplemental food and nutrition to women of a lower income who are pregnant , breastfeeding, and postpartum and children under age 5. In the 1960’s issues of women and their children of lowerRead MoreThe Snap ( Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ) And Wic ( Women, Infants, Children ) Programs864 Words   |  4 Pages The SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) and WIC (Women, Infants, Children) programs both have similar jobs. Both programs attempt to help feed struggling families. In the past SNAP allowed members to purchase food staples and prepackaged food, but a recent bill is being made in order to address these rules. These changes will deactivate members’ abilities to purchase prepackaged food, and has limited them to purchase only food staples. These food staples included foods such as riceRead MoreLife Chances Of Poor Children Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question: Are government assistance programs helping improve the academic performance of children in poverty? Methods Sample The population being studied in this research is families currently living in poverty with middle school age children. The sampling frame for my research will only consist of families with children classified as living in poverty in Alexandria, Virginia and receiving government assistance through at least one of the programs listed in the measures section. CurrentlyRead MoreThe Indiana University Health Bloomington Car Seat Program1715 Words   |  7 PagesOverview of Program Program Description The Indiana University Health Bloomington Car Seat Program provides free car seat inspections and installations to families in Monroe County, Greene County, and Owen County. This program is a result of a funding partnership between IU Health Bloomington and Automotive Safety Program. The car seat technician does around 300 inspections and installations a year. The program sessions take place from 9:00a.m. to 3:00p.m. on Fridays at the Assisted Medical TransportRead MoreChild Hunger And Food Insecurity1469 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus, achieve productivity and physical strength, they need adequate. Food Nutrition Services (FNS) administers food reimbursement programs through the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The objective for FNS is to provide access to nutritious foods. Children of Tennessee families who experience food insecurity are unaware of these programs. Several programs offer breakfast, dinner and after school snacks at no charge to children. Many child ren in Tennessee only have their school mealsRead MoreWic : Children, Infants, And Children1012 Words   |  5 PagesWIC is a truly amazing program, WIC is Women, Infants, and Children. WIC has been around helping families for a very long time. There are very different opinions on WIC, some people are for it and appreciate how they help families. Others view WIC as an easy way out to a difficult time. WIC has a lot of history, there are advantages, disadvantages, how it’s administers, statistics, the risk, and their positions on WIC. WIC had been around since the 70’s and even then was very much about the healthRead MoreThe Supplemental Nutrition Program For Women890 Words   |  4 Pages The Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) was started in 1972, and was permanently established in 1974 by the USDA (WIC Fact Sheet, 2015; Brown, 2011). WIC was established to safeguard the health of women, infants, and children up to age five who are low income and at nutritional risk; their mission is carried out by means of supplementing diets by providing access to nutritious foods, nutrition education, breastfeeding education, breastfeeding promotion, breastfeedingRead MoreNotes On Fruit And Vegetable Purchase Data Obtained1153 Words   |  5 PagesCheyenne Smith Fall Midterm A. 1. Who were the study participants and how was fruit and vegetable purchase data obtained? Participants in the study were low-income families that participate in WIC. Families using WIC shopped at grocery chain stores in Connecticut or Massachusetts in January 2009-September 2010. 2. Summarize the major changes detected in food purchasing patterns during the study period. On average, a household spent $235 a month for groceries in 2009. Within this amount, 4.6% of

A Structuralist Reading of Austens Sense and Sensibility...

A Structuralist Reading of Austens Sense and Sensibilitynbsp;nbsp; The fundamental structural dynamic underlying the whole manifested universe, much less literature, is duality; therefore, Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility is easily analyzed from the structuralist perspective. Each of us is a complex mixture of polar opposites, the most primary of which being the division between right brain and left brain, or, more commonly, heart and mind. Austens technique in this novel is that of eliminating altogether the corpus callosum, thus juxtaposing the two halves into a binary opposition, a split between the heart that throbs and exults and the mind which ascertains and evaluates. Marianne is, of course, the heart of the†¦show more content†¦Jennings nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mr. Palmernbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Miss Steele nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mrs. Ferrarsnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mrs. Palmer nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Fanny Dashwood nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Lady Middleton All of the above listed characters are fairly predictable and, unfortunately, rather one-dimensional, save for two, these two seeming, at the beginning of the novel, to reside in opposite camps. I am speaking of Col. Brandon and Willoughby. The revelation of their true natures, as contrasted with our initial impressions of them early on in the story, is one of the more interesting shifts in structure achieved by Miss Austen. Our first glimpse of Brandon gives us the impression of a stodgy, lifeless bore, aloof, most likely, from some inflated sense of superiority. This would place him right along side the likes of Mr.Show MoreRelatedEssay Jane Austen2480 Words   |  10 Pagessmooth-running of society to the advantage of men†1, proving that men gained power throughout the socially constructed subordination of woman. Taking a post-structuralist approach to Mansfield Park, we can see that there is a â€Å"pretence that bourgeois culture is ‘natural’†¦to limit meaning in the interests of control, repression and privilege†2. Austen’s writing embodies middle-class values, and portrays an ideology that emphasises patriarchal rule, along with social and economic power, with little reference

Principles Of Economics

Questions: 1. Suppose there are two monopolies. One monopoly supplies water and the other monopoly provide landline phone connections. Which company is likely to have greater market power and why? Explain using the concept of elasticity. 2. Identify and justify the market structure of KFC, MacDonalds and Hungry Jack. Explain using diagrams. 3. Critically discuss the level of competition faced by Charles Darwin University in Darwin vs the campus in Sydney. Explain using diagrams. 4. Suppose fire emergency services are only provided by the government in Australia and there is no market for fire emergency services. Now assume that fire emergency services are not provided by the government anymore and are privatised. Show the demand and supply diagram of fire emergency after privatisation. Explain the price elasticity of demand for fire emergency services. Show with the aid of a diagram and explain your answer. 5. Identify the main models of competition learnt in this unit. Give a brief description of each model in no more than 100 words. Discuss the most realistic models of competition in Australia with examples. 6. How will student enrolments be impacted at CDU if the pass mark at CDU was increased from 50% to 60% for all tertiary students? Explain using demand and supply diagram. 7. Explain the slope of marginal cost curve. How is marginal cost linked to opportunity cost? Why is concept of marginal cost important in economics? What is the marginal cost of adding an additional household on to the NBN network? 8. How best do you explain the success of supermarkets using the concepts learnt in this unit? Answers: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze on the different market structure of various companies. Market structure refers to the organizational features of a particular market. It focuses on those characteristics that influence the competition nature and pricing. The vital features of the market structure includes- the number of entities, the share of market of largest entities, the cost nature, product differentiation, customers turnover and the purchasers structure in the industry. The competition that each entity faces in the market has been segregated into various models. However, these models of competition have been explained in this study. In addition, slope of marginal cost and linkage of marginal cost to opportunity cost is also highlighted in this report. Answer 1 A monopoly is the type of market structure that is characterized by one seller selling unique commodity in the competitive market (Kirzner 2015). However, no competition exists in this type of market and the retailer is the sole manufacturer of commodities with no substitutes. In this case, there are two types of monopolies- one that supplies water and another that provides landline phone connections. These two types of monopolies are also referred to as natural monopoly. Natural monopoly exists in that market situation where single firm supplies particular commodities at lower cost that might be attained by other rivalries. This competition is uneconomical as multiple manufacturers are unable to utilize scale economics and this outcome in higher prices. Water is considered as necessity good for the householders as it has no alternatives. If the water firm in this monopoly market increases water bills cost, the consumers would keep purchasing the service. Therefore, tap water is considered as inelastic good as demand for the service remains the same despite rise or drop in price of water bills. On the contrary, landline phones are considered as substitute product. Therefore, increase in price of landline phone by the monopolist leads to decline in demand for the product. Hence, it is deemed as elastic product as it has other alternatives. Thus, it can be noted that water company has higher market power than landline phones company. Answer 2 KFC, Mac Donald and Hungry Jack fall under the monopolistic market structure. In monopolistically competitive market, large number of producers sells commodities that are slightly differentiated from each other and thus are not close substitutes in respect of quality and brand. Moreover, in monopolistic market structure, each firm faces no barriers in the entering and exiting the industry (Rios et al. 2013). These companies cannot limit their total production because there are huge number of competitors in the industries of the fast food chain. As a result, collusion does not exist in the market. Although these companies manufacture their own commodities, they compete in terms of product price. These firms are considered as monopolistic as they sets their price based on production cost and have no perfect substitute for their meals. However, these entities focus on rivalries and target markets in setting their product prices. These companies face few hurdles in terms of economies of scale. Owing to this, they increase their production scale and this leads to decline in cost of goods per output unit. In addition, advancement of technology also helps the firms in producing foods faster and sell at less cost. This is illustrated with the help of the diagram below: Figure 1: Market structure of KFC, Mc Donald and Hungary Jack Source: (Authors creation) Answer 3 Both the Charles Darwin University in Darwin and the campus existing in Sydney faces huge level of competition. In an attempt to attract large number of students from these two places, this university competes vigorously with other universities within the country or from other countries. As their focus is to endeavor into international marketplace, they face high levels of competition. Moreover, as this university has been exposed to competition pressures, it compels the university to improve their educations methods and systems. This university implemented new technology in Sydney campus in which the students can have access to it and this helps them to face huge competition. tis university can be considered as entities in monopolistically competitive market that provides similar service that is education but is not similar. In fact, the education considered as product differs in terms of location, services extent, image and its quality. This can be explained with the help of the di agram given below: Figure 2: University offering enrollment at which MC=MR Source: (Created by Author) Another vital consequence of this model is the significance of the advertising expenditures of this university. The MR of the dollar of advertising becomes equivalent to the price elasticity of demand. Charles Darwin University adopts various forms of advertising methods that includes construction of new building and campuses simply increase marginal revenue (Reisman 2013). With the differentiation of offering higher education in this two campuses, this institution demand curve becomes downward sloping. For maximizing profit, this institution offers enrollment at that level where MR=MC shown in the figure above. Answer 4 Emergency services of Australia such as fire emergency are vital for peoples health and protection of the society and are used to be funded by the Australia government. Now the government does not provide fire emergency services and hence is privatized. As a result, it improved the efficiency and increases competition in the market. On the contrary, privatization creates natural monopoly that seeks in setting higher prices that exploits people. After being privatized, the fire emergency firm increases their cost of service in order to attain higher profitability. This is illustrated by using demand and supply analysis: Figure 3: Demand and supply of fire emergency services Source: (As created by author) The above figure reflects that as the demand for the fire emergency services in Australia increases, the company charges higher price after being privatized. Therefore, this improves the financial performance of the firm as they benefit in attaining higher profit. Moreover, the supply of the services also increases after privatization, so the price declines to the equilibrium point. In addition, if the supply increases and demand does not increase for the emergency services, then it cost of this service will decline from the equilibrium price. Answer 5 Different entities or industry within the nation faces competition that is generally segregated into various models depending on the degree of competition faced by these entities. It includes- pure competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. These models of competition are illustrated below: Pure competition- This market scenario involves huge number of purchasers and sellers of similar products, but none of them influences the product price. Few conditions that characterizes pure competition are: Though there are huge number of consumers and producers, they donot have control over their commodity price As both the purchasers and retailers deals with homogeneous products, consumers do not prefer merchandise of one retailer over the other as there is no quality or brand value disparity. As the firms are free in entering and exiting the pure competitive market, the manufacturer strategizes in keeping prices competitive for gaining competitive advantage. Monopolistic competition-Since pure competition do not always prevail in the market, producers operate under different competition model that is monopolistic competition. The basic difference between monopolistic and pure competitor is that the former employs product differentiation for establishing comparison between its own commodity and other rivalries commodity. Oligopolistic competition- In this competition model, there are few retailers dominate in the industry and have the capability in influencing the commodity prices (Nagurney Yu 2012). As there are few entities in the competitive market, other companies follow the action taken by one firm. In certain circumstances, firms interdependent behavior outcomes in formal agreement in setting prices which is called as collusion. Therefore, if one entity lowers the product price, other entities follows the same. Monopoly competition- In this case, competition does not exist in the market because there is one retailer that produces specific product that does not have any close substitute. Monopoly and oligopoly competition models prevail in various sectors of the Australian economy. Oligopoly as well as natural monopoly models of competition prevails in service, telecommunication, electricity and gas sectors (Marshall 2012). The telecommunication sector of Australia has been more competitive in current period with high improvement in retail level. It has been stated by (Taussig 2013) that worldwide change in technology of telecommunication industry increases the productivity of nation. Subsequently, Telstra dominates the market with at least two third of the industry listed capitalization in the market. Therefore, Telstras market power continues in sector though recent entrants constructing partial networks. On the contrary, oligopoly competition prevails in Australias airline domestic industry owing to volatility linked to the changes of players. Answer 6 If the pass mark at CDU increases from 50% to 60% for all the tertiary students then enrollment of students in the university decreases. One of the vital factors that affect the performance of the university is the academic performance of the students. From the recent study, it has been reflected that near about 42% of tertiary students enrolled in other university did not complete their education as they fail in their courses (Hausman et al. 2016). Therefore, it can be predicted that the less proportion of students will enroll in this university due to increase in pass mark percentage. It has been noted from the completion data of CDU student released by Australian government that the dropout rate of CDU has been worsening with near about one third of the students wrapping up their education after few years of enrollment. As a result, the ranking of CDU lowered owing to decrease in completion rates of students in the university. As a result, the demand for this degree courses provid ed by this university decreases because of growing rate of dropping out of students (Hart 2013). Moreover, the supply of education in CDU also lowers due to lower rate of enrollment of students. This has been illustrated by the diagram given below: Figure 4: Enrollment of students affecting demand and supply of education offered by CDU Source: (As created by author) Answer 7 a) The marginal cost (MC) of production refers to the total cost change that comes from manufacturing one extra unit of item. Marginal cost is generally analyzed for determining the point at which the companies achieve economies of scale (Kanemoto 2013). The slope of MC curve highlights law of diminishing marginal returns to scale. The U- shaped MC curve as the first portion reflects increasing marginal returns to scale due to fall in MC to minimum point and then diminishing returns to scale owing to rise in MC. Figure 5: Slope of MC curve Source: (Authors creation) Opportunity cost relates to alternative cost of the activities that is computed in terms of next alternative value that is foregone. Opportunity cost as well as marginal cost is vital in those industries where the commodities are being manufactured. Although marginal cost and opportunity cost are not directly linked to each other, they plays a crucial role in business in deciding rise in total production in highly profitable way (Hart 2013). However, the MC also relates with the opportunity cost that is connected with manufacturing extra unit of commodity. Moreover, MC and opportunity cost analyzes the impact of manufacturing added element of product on the business cost. b) Marginal cost is vital in economics as it facilitates the managers of the firms in deciding whether the production cost stays in line with the total profit gained from the overall production. The business cost varies according to the total production. The managers of the entities should comprehend MC so that they have the ability in producing commodities at optimum level while mitigating cost of production. c) The government of Australia sets up NBN (National Broadband Network) in the year 2009 for increasing the connection and broadband speed to each households as well as business of the nation (Mankiw 2014). During that period, NBN is the biggest investment in the public sector as it has been used for replacing existing network in the telecommunication sector. However, it also delivered economic benefits to the nation by enhancing competition for the small business. In addition, it generated new business markets and offered huge job opportunity for Australians. As NBN is a huge business in Australia, marginal cost becomes negligible of adding an additional household in the network. Answer 8 The financial performance and success of supermarkets depends on the competition models, marginal cost, economies of scale, market structures and various other factors. The demand for the products of supermarkets depends on services of product distribution at substantive and methodological level. The supermarkets demonstrate constant MC in respect of total output while decreasing MC in respect of substantial economies of scale. In addition, supermarkets adopt new technology owing to rise in level of competition in the industry. Conclusion From the above report, it has been concluded that level of competition varies according to the different market structure. However, producers plans their pricing strategy based on the target market and competition level. Even privatization also increases the competition level of the firms that leads to rise in price of services and products. Moreover, marginal cost, economies of scale and competition models is important for success of every organizations. References Baldwin, W Scott, J (ed.) 2013,Market structure and technological change, Vol. 18, Taylor Francis. Frank, R.H, Bernanke, B.S. LUI, HK, 2015,Principles of economics, 8th edn., McGraw-Hill Asia. Hart, N, 2013, Alfred Marshall and Modern Economics: Equilibrium Theory and Evolutionary Economics, Springer. Hausman, D, McPherson, M Satz, D, 2016,Economic analysis, moral philosophy, and public policy, 9thedn., Cambridge University Press. Kanemoto, Y., 2013, Second-best costbenefit analysis in monopolistic competition models of urban agglomeration,Journal of urban economics, vol.76, pp.83-92. Kirzner, I.M., 2015,Competition and entrepreneurship, University of Chicago press. Mankiw, N.G, 2014,Essentials of economics, Cengage learning. Marshall, A, 2012,Principles of economics: unabridged eighth edition, Cosimo, Inc.. Nagurney, A. Yu, M., 2012, Sustainable fashion supply chain management under oligopolistic competition and brand differentiation,International Journal of Production Economics,vol.135(2), pp.532-540. Reisman, D, 2013,The Economics of Alfred Marshall (Routledge Revivals), Routledge. Rios, M.C, McConnell, C.R, Brue, S.L., 2013,Economics: Principles, problems, and policies, McGraw-Hill. Taussig, F.W (ed.) 2013,Principles of economics, Vol. 2, Cosimo, Inc.

Types of Writing

Writing is something that is simple yet it has complexities associated with it. In the current world of digital media, writing has become one of an integral part of the online presence of any business. The marketing research experts tend to focus various online trends and develop content that is specifically designed to meet their demands. For this, they look to hire writers and agencies that provide similar services so that their web presence is articulated to generate leads towards sales. Apart from the content writing, there are numerous other types of writing as well. These include SEO writing, marketing writing, technical writing, editorial writing, report writing, CSR writing, press release writing, copy-writing and ghostwriting.   These types are largely categorized into two segments; academic writing and non-academic writing. Academic writing is related to the academics and it usually involves the services where the writers are assigned to complete assignments based on different academic subjects varying from Business and Literature to Medical and Engineering. The content written in this type of writing is mostly developed for the students of undergraduate and graduate level such as essays, reports, class assignments and presentations etc. However, some tasks are also associated with doctorate level as well including thesis writing and dissertations writing etc. This type of writing involves researching on a particular data and reproducing it in your own words to create plagiarism-free work. The non-academic writing is a much broader category which includes creative writing, blog writing, content writing, article writing, search engine optimized writing, ghostwriting and others. As this is a broader category it requires a different style to research. Here the writer is looking for ideas to write material as oppose to researching in a subject area and reproducing the content. This requires more skills from the writer to produce high-quality content as the main focus is to keep the reader interested and persuade towards taking an action.   Note:  Checkout details about US Based Top notch Academic Writing Services at   Both types of writing need specific expertise from the writer in order to produce material that’s really worth reading. Due to its importance both in the business and academic worlds, writing has become a prolific career for many. There are different agencies that provide these services both online as well as brick-and-mortar. They hire freelance and onsite writers to produce high-quality content for the clients. In the recent times, writing has really emerged as a career for many who have skills in this area.